Unwritten Constitution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Unwritten Constitution - Essay Example Paine’s definition of constitution is based upon 4 premises: 1. the constitution precedes and establishes the system of government; 2. the people are the superior authority; 3. the constitution binds the Legislature and the Judiciary; 4. it is entrenched, designed to limit the powers of the Executive, and can only be changed by special procedures. Wheare, (1966), defines a constitution as: â€Å"[T]he whole system of government of a country, the collection of rules which establish and regulate or govern the government.† The Select Committee on the Constitution appointed in 2001 uses the following working definition: â€Å"[T]he set of laws, rules and practices that create the basic institutions of the state, and its component and related parts, and stipulate the powers of those institutions and the relationship between the different institutions and between those institutions and the individual.† In most constitutions a concentration of powers is avoided by keeping the legislature, executive and judicial powers separate. This ensures that certain rights of the citizen are beyond the reach of the organs of government and are entrenched by requiring a special legislative procedure if they are to be amended. However, commentators in the UK prefer a wider definition. ... Further as Bradley & Ewing point out: "In practice, a written constitution does not contain all the detailed rules upon which a government depends."6 The jurist and legal historian, Lord Hailsham believes that a written constitution is not necessary pointing out that: "The essential ingredientsare a strong executive based on an omnicompetent and elective legislatureregular electionspowerful and independent oppositionand limitedby convention and precedentand regulated more by checks and balances deriving from political constraints and necessities than by a written legal code policed by a Supreme Court."7 It is misleading to refer to the British Constitution as 'unwritten': "from the Magna Carta to the Local Government Acts most of our constitutional law is contained somewhere in the growing volumes of written Acts of Parliament."8 Hailsham sees no particular reason for a codified constitution since he argues that: "Throughout our history, our Constitution has proved flexible, sensitive and almost infinitely capable of evolutionary adaptation. "9 The flexibility of an 'unwritten' constitution allows the people to vote out the Executive when necessary and for majority rule. Countries with written constitutions have the equivalent of a Constitutional Court which has a remit to amend the constitution.10 "It is an axiom of our constitutional law that no parliament may bind its successor.A traditional constitution, changing and evolving with the needs of a nation, may well prove more flexible and practical than the legal strait-jacket imposed by a 'written Constitution'."11 As examples Hailsham looks at the first two articles of

Urea Recycling in Ruminants

Urea Recycling in Ruminants Animals have a certain state of protein metabolism, varying from negative to positive protein balances. This balance level is influenced e.g. by the efficiency of nitrogen (N) utilization in animals. A simple strategy to increase the efficiency of N utilization is by reducing the N content in the feed converted to urea, for which a correlation of about r2=0.77 was found. However, this was mainly based on studies with mature or slow growing, small ruminants in which most of the absorbed N is converted to urea to maintain the N balance of the whole body close to zero (Lapierre and Lobley, 2001). More recent and extensive data show much weaker correlations between N intake and urea production for growing sheep (r2=0.33) and cattle (r2=0.58). Moreover, this strategy is not always realizable due to minimal absolute N requirements in animal feed, especially for growing animals. In addition to N intake, the protein balance level is influenced by the efficiency of N recycling in animals, especially in ruminants. Nitrogen recycling takes place between blood and the digestive tract in the form of endogenous protein-N, secreted-N (e.g. enzymes in saliva) and urea-N (Reynolds and Kristensen, 2008). In this chapter, the recycling of urea-N is explained. Amino acids and ammonia, which are absorbed from the digestive tract, are converted to urea in the liver. Urea (re)enters the digestive tract, mainly through the rumen wall, where it can be absorbed again or be (re)used for microbial protein synthesis and finally anabolic purposes. Amino acids and ammonia are absorbed into the portal bloodstream and converted into urea in the liver (ureagenesis). Urea can reenter the rumen, where it can be absorbed (again) or be used for microbial protein synthesis. Absorption of amino acids and ammonia Urea is the mammalian end-product of the amino acid metabolism. In the rumen, proteins are degraded into amino acids and finally into ammonia (NH3) by means of rumen fermentation (Shingu et al., 2007). Then, absorption of both amino acids and NH3 through the rumen wall and entrance into the portal circulation to the liver can take place (figure 3.1). The NH3 absorption depends on the pH and the ratio of NH3 to NH4 in the rumen (Siddons et al., 1985). Ureagenesis In the liver, detoxification of NH3 takes place, because urea is synthesized from the nitrogen (N) compound of both NH3 and amino acids (which appear in the portal circulation due to absorption from the intestine into the blood) (Obitsu and Taniguchi, 2009). The synthesis of urea, called ureagenesis, takes place by means of the urea or ornithine cycle. This cycle of biochemical reactions occurs in many animals that produce urea ((NH2)2CO) from ammonia (NH3), mainly in the liver and to a lesser extent in the kidney. The key compound is ornithine, which acts as a carrier on which the urea molecule is built up. At the end of the reaction sequence, urea is released by the hydrolysis of arginine, yielding ornithine to start the cycle again (Bender, 2008). Mitochondrial ammonia and cytosolic aspartate are precursors for the ornithine cycle (Van den Borne et al., 2006). The presence of arginine is needed to produce ornithine in the body, so higher levels of this amino acid should increase o rnithine production. Furthermore, ornithine, citrulline and arginine (all components of the ornithine cycle) seem to stimulate urea synthesis, with a concurrent decrease in plasma ammonia. Temporarily high ammonia fluxes seem to stimulate amino acid utilization for ureagenesis (Milano and Lobley, 2001). Urea is produced in the liver in greater amounts than which is eliminated in the urine. This is because urea from the liver is released to the blood circulation and then, next to excretion in the urine also is reabsorbed in the distal renal tubules, where it maintains an osmotic gradient for the reabsorption of water (Bender, 2008). Furthermore, urea from the blood can re-enter the digestive tract via saliva, secretions or directly across the rumen wall in the form of endogenous proteins or urea respectively (Lapierre and Lobley, 2001; Shingu et al., 2007; Obitsu and Taniguchi, 2009). Thus not all urea is secreted directly into the urine after entering the bloodstream. Entry into digestive tract Entry of urea into the digestive tract is, until certain concentrations (sheep: 6 mM (= 84 mg/L); cattle: 4 mM (= 56 mg/L) (Harmeyer and Martens, 1980; cattle: 80 mg/L (Kennedy and Milligan, 1978)) partly affected by plasma urea concentrations (Harmeyer and Martens, 1980). Above these concentrations, boundary layer effects with NH3 inhibit the urea entry into the digestive tract (Lapierre and Lobey, 2001). Urease activity is lower with increased NH3 concentrations and N intake (Marini et al., 2004). This inhibits the entry of urea into the digestive tract (Kennedy and Milligan, 1978). Thus high ammonia concentrations in the rumen result in a lower gut entry rate (Kennedy and Milligan, 1978; Bunting et al., 1989a). Urea, which flows from the blood into the rumen and enters the digestive tract, is hydrolyzed by bacterial urease to carbon dioxide (CO2) and ammonia (NH3) (figure 3.1). NH3 can be either reabsorbed into the blood or be used as N source for microbial protein synthesis or microbial growth (Sarraseca et al., 1998; Shingu et al., 2007). This latter process may provide a mechanism for the salvage of urea-N into bacterial protein which can be digested and yields amino acids to the animal when they are absorbed in the lower parts of the digestive tract. Thus, urea nitrogen incorporated in microbial protein and possibly absorbed in the gut gets a second chance for absorption and deposition/anabolic purposes. Therefore, urea recycling can be regarded as a mechanism with positive effects at the protein balance of ruminants. Gut entry location and gut entry rate (GER) The gut entry rate (GER) of urea is simply the amount of urea N recycled into the digestive tract. The amount of urea which entered the digestive tract that can be used for anabolic purposes depends e.g. on the gut entry location (Lapierre and Lobley, 2001). Urea appears to enter all parts of the digestive tract, including via saliva and pancreatic juice, but with different rates. The GER could be influenced by the concentration gradient of urea between the plasma and the fluids in the digestive tract (Harmeyer and Martens, 1980). The concentration gradient is again dependent on the activity of ureolytic bacteria and could therefore be influenced by diverse bacteria-influencing compounds in the feed. Also, the presence of carrier mediated, facilitative urea transport mechanisms have been reported in the ovine colon and rumen epithelia (Ritzhaupt et al., 1997). The carrier mediated, facilitative urea transporters in the ovine colon and rumen epithelia permit bi-directional flows (Ritz haupt et al., 1997), and thus may the total gut entry rate (GER) be underestimated if urea molecules are reabsorbed without being metabolized (Lapierre and Lobley, 2001). Post-stomach tissues can greatly influence the (GER) (up to 70%), but their contribution to potential anabolic salvage of N is not certain. The majority of conversions of urea into anabolic compounds occur in the fore-stomach, mainly the rumen (Kennedy and Milligan, 1980). As summarized by Lapierre and Lobley (2001), in sheep, the part of the total gut urea entry (GER) transferred to the rumen varies from 27 to 60% (Kennedy and Milligan, 1978) and 27 to 54% (Siddons et al., 1985) depending on type of diet. This proportion seems to increase when animals get high levels of rumen-degradable energy in feed (Lapierre and Lobley, 2001; Theuer et al., 2002). Also saliva contributes to the total urea entry into the rumen, depending on the type of diet ingested. E.g. this proportion varies extensively from 15 (Kennedy and Milligan, 1978) to almost 100% (Norton et al., 1978) in sheep. It has been found in growing beef steers that forage diets, e.g. alfalfa hay, result in higher proportions of saliva entering the gut (36% of GER) (Taniguchi et al., 1995) compared to high concentrate diets (17% of GER) (Guerino et al., 1991). Thus the fore-stomachs are important for the anabolic salvage of N, however, this depends on the type of feed ingested (and animal species). Small intestine Also the small intestine contributes to the anabolic salvage of N. It has been found in sheep that 37 and 48% of the total GER of urea entered the small intestine in case of grass silage and dried grass, respectively (Siddons et al., 1985). However, the quantities of anabolic N formed may by small, e.g. because ammonia production seems to exceed urea entry across the small intestine, although this depends on the type of feed ingested (Lapierre and Lobley, 2001). Hindgut Likely most microbial protein synthesized from urea that enters the hindgut is excreted. All the evidence so far would suggest that hindgut usage of urea involves only catabolic fates, at least in terms of amino acids supply to the animal (Lapierre and Lobley, 2001). Fate of urea that enters the digestive tract Urea that enters the gut by means of saliva or flowing through the gut wall can be used for anabolic purposes or is transformed into ammonia and returned to the liver (Lapierre and Lobley, 2001). Much of the NH3 in the GI tract is reabsorbed and used in the liver for the synthesis of glutamate and glutamine, and then a variety of other nitrogenous compounds (Bender, 2008). Urea-N that entered the gut contributed for 33% of the rumen ammonia flux in sheep offered dried grass, while this percentage was lower in case of grass silage (Siddons et al., 1985). Lapierre and Lobley (2001), based on several references, summarized that sheep, dairy cows and growing steers have a efficient reuse of N because urea-N atoms can return to the gut on more than one occasion. This increases the overall probability of appropriation towards an anabolic fate. This multiple-recycling process can result in improvements of 22 to 49% of GER used for anabolic purposes in both cattle and sheep (Lapierre and Lobley, 2001). A substantial proportion of urea that enters the digestive tract is returned to the body as ammonia in both sheep (32 to 52%; Sarreseca et al., 1998) and cattle (26 to 41%; Archibeque et al., 2001). This means that a large proportion of net ammonia absorption across the PDV is due to recycled N, rather than arising directly from ingested N. These anabolic and ca tabolic fates of urea then explain why net appearances of amino acid-N and ammonia across the PDV can equal or exceed apparent digestible-N (Lapierre and Lobley, 2001). The net result of all these N transactions is that the apparent conversion of digestible N into net absorbed amino acid N can be high, with individual values of 27 to 279% calculated for both cattle and sheep. These efficiencies are lower (24 to 58%) when other inputs are considered, mainly the urea-N inflow into the rumen. Apparent digestible N represents the net available N to the animal and thus the amino acid absorption cannot normally exceed this unless other N sources like amino acids obtained due to catabolism (released on a net basis during submaintenance intake) or urea recycling. N recycling via the digestive tract increases the opportunity for catabolism N to be reconverted to an anabolic product. This recycling can be considered analogous to the synthesis and breakdown of proteins within tissues, where th e dynamic flow maintains metabolic fluidity with minimum loss (see figure †¦; Lapierre and Lobley, 2001). SUMMARIZED UREA RECYCLING KINETICS Thus, urea-N kinetics can, as an approximation, be considered as a mechanism, where hepatic synthesis is similar to digested N, with one-third lost via the kidneys into urine, while the remaining two-thirds is returned to the digestive tract. Half of this is then reconverted to anabolic N (mainly amino acids) that can be reabsorbed and used for productive purposes. Most of the remaining half of GER is reabsorbed as ammonia that is reconverted to urea and can be further re-partitioned between urinary loss and GER (see figure†¦). The process thus allows conversion of a catabolic products (urea-N) into anabolic forms, contains these for longer within the body, and provides the animal with increased opportunities to utilize products derived from dietary N (Lapierre and Lobley, 2001). Figure†¦ Urea recycling: values in circles represent the fraction of hepatic ureagenesis destined either for urinary output or to gut entry rate (GER); values in rectangles represent the fractions of gut entry rate lost in feces, returned as ammonia to the hepatic ornithine cycle or converted to anabolic products (mainly amino acid N). Thus, on average, 33% of hepatic urea-N flux is eliminated in urine while 67% enters the various sites of the digestive tract. Of this latter N, 10% is lost in feces, 40% is reabsorbed directly as ammonia, while the remaining 50% is reabsorbed as anabolic-N sources (mainly AAs). Data are simplified means for steers, dairy cows and sheep (from Archibeque et al., 2001; Sarraseca et al., 1998; summarized by Lapierre and Lobley, 2001) Efficiency of N utilization In both cattle and sheep, the inefficient use of intake-N is associated with large ammonia absorption representing on average 0.46 and 0.47 of N available from the lumen of the gut (digestible N plus urea-N entry across the PDV) (Lapierre and Lobley, 2001). As mentioned earlier, one strategy is to reduce the amount of N directed towards ammonia absorption and hepatic ureagenesis, but the situation is more complex than that. The target of reduction of ammonia absorption has to be integrated in a wider context where this decrease would result 1) from a smaller degradation of dietary N into the rumen or 2) from an increased utilization of rumen ammonia for microbial protein synthesis. Lowered N degradation can result from diet manipulation. Lapierre and Lobley (2001) summarized from several studies that cattle fed concentrate-based diets had decreased ammonia absorption, both in absolute amounts and relative to digested N, compared with forage rations. Increased utilization of N for bac terial synthesis can also be influenced by dietary manipulation, particularly provision of additional energy. From several studies, it can be concluded that supplements of rumen fermentable energy sources increase the transfer of urea into the rumen, and therefore the capture of dietary N and GER into anabolic products, mainly amino acids. However, there appear to be upper limits to the overall efficiency of the process (Lapierre and Lobley, 2001). The limited data available suggest that a maximum of 50 to 60% of dietary N, or 70 to 90% of apparently digested N, will be converted into amino acids released into the portal vein. Energy sources may also improve utilization of dietary and urea-N by less direct means, e.g. by energy-sparing effects within the cells of the gut tissues rather than alteration of rumen fermentation (Lapierre and Lobley, 2001). Intrarumen recycling Recycling of N can also occur within the rumen, due to the presence of proteolytic bacterial and protozoa. These graze and digest the rumen bacteria, increasing ammonia content and release within the rumen, and reducing microbial N outflow within the rumen because of increased recycling of bacteria (Lapierre and Lobley, 2001). Thus changes in the microbial population of the rumen can have substantial effect on anabolic N flow. Such modifications of the rumen microflora may contribute to the differences in N recycling and conversion to amino acids that occur between diets and animal species (Lapierre and Lobley, 2001). Amino acid supply In many circumstances, inefficiencies for conversion of feed N to animal protein may not be a feature of total amino acid supply, but rather depend more on the profile of absorbed amino acids. Hereby you can think of e.g. limiting essential amino acids. In short the definition of urea recycling is: the flow of urea from the blood into the digestive tract so that urea nitrogen salvage could happen. Figure †¦ Use of [15N15N] urea and isotopomer analysis of urinary [15N15N], [14N15N] and [14N14N] urea to quantify flows and fates of urea that enters the digestive tract. Part of the infused [15N15N]urea enters the digestive tract were it can be excreted in the faeces or is hydrolyzed to [15N]ammonia. This latter is either used by the microbial population to synthesize bacterial proteins ([15N]) or it is absorbed directly as [15N]ammonia. [15N]ammonia is removed by the liver were [15N14N]urea is formed. The ratio of [14N15N]:[14N14N]urea in the urine reflects the proportion of urea flux that is converted to ammonia in the digestive tract and returned directly to the hepatic ornithine cycle (Lapierre and Lobley, 2001). The utilities of urea recycling Both ruminants and non-ruminants, including omnivores, have a mechanism in which urea produced by the liver can enter the intestinal tract and where it is used for microbial protein production or urea production. However, the amount of urea recycled in ruminants is in much larger proportions compared to non-ruminants, which emphasizes the importance of urea recycling in ruminants (Lapierre and Lobley, 2001). Next to reducing feed costs (due to the lower dietary N contents required), there are three important reasons to obtain a good and efficient urea recycling in ruminants (Huntington and Archibeque, 1999): Maximization of the microbial functioning in the rumen; Optimization of the amino acid supply to the host ruminant improvements of adaptation; Minimization of the negative effects of nitrogen excretion into the environment. Maximization of microbial functioning In ruminants, synthesis of urea by the liver can exceed apparent digestible N. This would result in a negative N balance (even at high intakes) if no salvage mechanism existed to recover some of this N (Lapierre and Lobley, 2001). Recycling of urea synthesized in the liver can provide a substantial contribution to available N for the gut. Lapierre and Lobley (2001) summarized that this can increase the digestible N inflow from 43 to 85% in growing steers, 50 to 60% in dairy cows and 86 to 130% in growing sheep. Moreover, in veal calves shifts the major origin of absorbable amino acids in the small intestine after weaning from milk protein to microbial protein (Obitsu and Taniguchi, 2009). With this, it is important to realize that a higher level of urea recycling results in a higher production of microbial protein. This protein source will be largely used for anabolic uses and performance which will result, on the long term, in improved production efficiency (Lapierre and Lobley, 200 1). What urea-N recycling does is to increase N transfers through the body to convert more of the N into anabolic form and thus acts as a conservation mechanism. Therefore, the combined inflows of dietary N and urea GER can be considered analogous to protein turnover within the body, where the anabolic and catabolic processes of synthesis and degradation greatly exceed inputs (intake) and outputs (oxidation and gain). This is believed to provide an overall plasticity to allow rapid response to any challenges or changes in metabolic status. Optimization of amino acid supply adaptation As a consequence of the salvage mechanism to recover some N, nitrogen and urea recycling in ruminants are important regarding the adaptation to different environmental (living) circumstances but mainly to nutritional conditions. Examples are periods of dietary protein deficiency or an asynchronous supply of carbohydrates and proteins (Reynolds and Kristensen, 2008). Ammonia and microbial protein produced in the gut and urea synthesized in the liver are major components in N-recycling transactions (Obitsu and Taniguchi, 2009). An increase in the total urea flux, caused by the return to the ornithine cycle from the gut entry, is considered to serve as a labile N pool in the whole body to permit metabolic plasticity under a variety of physiological (productive), environmental and nutritional conditions (Obitsu and Taniguchi, 2009; Lapierre and Lobley, 2001). Therefore, ruminant species have different characteristics of their urea recycling due to different living conditions varying from tropical conditions with poor quality feed to intensive systems in temperate/cold conditions with high quality feed. High ambient temperatures seem to increase urea production but reduce urea gut entry (Obitsu and Taniguchi, 2009). Minimization of N excretion into the environment Finally, a more efficient urea recycling in ruminants results in a less urea-N excretion in the urine. This is will minimize the negative effects of nitrogen excretion into the environment (Huntington and Archibeque, 1999).

Ernest Hemingway :: essays papers

Ernest Hemingway Ernest Hemingway uses symbolism to help the reader gain a better perspective of how the protagonist feels in his story. Symbolism occurs when the author uses one thing to represent another. This helps to give the reader a better idea of the situation or feeling in a given scene. There are several types of symbolism utilized by authors. One type is conventional symbolism. Conventional symbolism is common to the area where the story takes place. While another type is personal which simply is closely tied to the individual. Still a third type of symbolism is universal, which hold a widely understood meaning. As we examine "Hills Like White Elephants" we notice how Hemingway integrates both personal and conventional symbolism in order to help the reader relate to the situation. As the story begins the reader is thrust into the lives of two individuals who wait in a small bar for their train to come. The symbolism is evident as early as the description of the setting when the introduction says, "The hills across the valley of the Ebro were long and white. On this side there was no shade and no trees†¦". This opening statement describes the actual landscape and also describes the situation that the two characters face which is dismal and dark. The reader might possibly wonder about what the other side of the hill looks like. The opening sentence might also be used as conventional irony since the hills are local to the setting of the story. The opening description of the setting later goes onto say, "†¦the station was between two lines of rails in the sun". This also relays the current situation of the protagonist as being stuck between to sides. The reader experiences personal symbolism as the story advances. While focusing on her decision, she looks at her life says, "That's all we do isn't it-look at things and try new drinks". In this reflection, she is mentioning how monotonous her and her boyfriend's lives are with no change and no responsibility. Apparently the boyfriend enjoys this way of life in that he is the one pushing her towards his way of thinking without openly appearing to push her. The editors express their feelings of the symbolism used by Hemingway in saying, "Clearly the child begun in the girl's womb is a 'white elephant'"(book Arp, 184).

Celebrating the Piano

This finest wood made this stringed low keyed, quiet musical instrument in 1157 Continuously sings quiet flowing harmonies Monotone pianississimo, pianoissimo, piano and mezzo piano lullaby’s Keep sounding from the piano’s vibrations. Flutes, saxophones and original pianos were used to create this harmonic based musical piece. The piano provided the ongoing harmonic sounds throughout the song. The overall tone was very simple, smooth and unaccented. The saxophone played lines four and five to highlight the action of the piano. The altos and tenors sang lines four and five adding more emphases on the pianos purpose. The sopranos sang the entire song. The flutes played the first three lines, to provide the introduction. Classical Musical Era; Play that funky music and make me dance with piano forte musical notes The strings are becoming more versatile through musical eras Play harmonic soft flowing lullaby’s for me The strings are taking us from the baroque to classical eras Still producing monotones, the musical sounds are altering my moods The harpsichord is taking us from one musical era into another Now adding more confusion and options to musicians The string dominated instrument is changing and creating musical history Dual musical instrument resulted from economic changes The string dominated musical instrument is requiring multitasking The 1750-1825 musical era developed The string dominated musical instrument is progressing through musical eras The harpsichord, now allowing the vibrations from the piano sounds to be heard by plucking strings, emphasized all even numbered lines. During the classical musical era, the bass played throughout the song, also providing the harmonic structure. An additional regular piano provided ongoing melody. To emphasize the variety and contrast, the violin interchanged with wind instruments, flutes, saxophones and xylophones. This musical piece used sopranos, since it was an opera. Romantic Era; Playing softly flowing harmonic sailing music In childrens darkened quiet room late at night Playing energetic, jazzy, upbeat, high and low notes While running through the water on a brightly lit sunny beach in mid daylight Quiet romantic monotone music piano music with lights down low Loud blaring music in nightclubs Comes from the piano progressing into a clavichord Playing dual notes or sounds simultaneously Various brass, or wind, instruments; trumpets, horns, trombone and tuba’s were used to bring out the obvious contrasts, and highlight the extreme tempos in this musical selection. Several different pianos were used, the classical piano, the clavichord and harpsichord in this piano concerto. The softer musical versions or the melodies were played on the lyrics accenting softness, lightness. The louder piano’s, horns and trumpets accented the â€Å"louder† lyrics, which played slower, bass notes. No singers were used for this musical selection. The focus was primarily on musical instrumentation. Modern Music; Play me a pop, rap, jazz, classical tune A ballad and a tempo Fom jazzy ragtime To Classical Chariots of Fire Play me a tune with lots of percussion Play me a tune with whole notes, quarter notes, half notes eighth and sixteenth notes Play it in 4/4   2/4 3/4 and 6/8 time Play the classic take five in 5/4 time This amazing piece of wood From the piano, harpsichord, clavichord to the organ Never fails to entertain in these modern times This was a full modern concert including various sheet music with mixture of   time signatures and strings, percussions wind, electronic instruments. Tap dancers were used contributing their won percussion. Singers, sopranos, altos, tenors and bass singing voices were used, each given specific roles to show the versatility of the different versions of the piano.   Ã‚  Tambourines, drums and clavichord were used to provide percussion on every line.   Belters were used everytime the purpose of the piano contrasted. There are no specific standards for modern music. It is whatever the musician wants to play. Originating in Paris, modern music can be primitivism, impressionism and expressionism, a combination of all historical musical era’s.

The American Diet Essay - 1007 Words

One of the most unhealthy diets in the world is that of an American. It is made up of processed foods and a good amount of television. America easily has the most fast food restaurants in the entire world. Leave it to McDonald’s, Wendy’s, Burger King or any other fast-food restaurant to serve extremely cheap and even unhealthier food at any time during the day or night. †It tastes good so why not?† That seems to be the question many people are asking now-a-days. Because it is so easily accessible and processed, it is made to be very tasty and extremely unhealthy. Many Americans find his or herself indulging on the these fatty foods of America on a day-to-day basis. While it may taste good at the time, it has a terrible effect on your body†¦show more content†¦Corn even turned up in French fries (23 percent).† (Patrigenaru) What is wrong with all this corn? Growing corn involves an abundance amount of pesticides and fertilizers that release ch emicals into the soils that eventually make it to the water tables underneath. the ground. That can be terrible for the environment. Also, eating too much corn can cause an abundance of calories in a diet and not enough nutrients necessary to sustain a healthy body. In other words, corn replaces nutrients with an excess of calories. Patrigenaru also points out, â€Å"More than a quarter of products in the average American supermarket now contain corn or its derivatives.† (Patrigenaru) Since corn replaces nutrients with calories and is in almost everything that is consumed in America now, it is plain to see why the United States is one of the fattest countries in the world. Processed food are becoming more and more prevalent in the American diet day to day. Kim Rhyssdal wrote in an article based on an interview, â€Å"Processed foods are, plus or minus, 70 percent of what most of us eat.† (Ryssdal) 70 percent is a very damaging piece of evidence to the conviction of the American diet. While corn is the leading source of the unhealthiness of Americans, added sugar and fat are not far behind. Tim Philpot wrote in an article, â€Å"As for added fats and sugars, their 2008 levels reached 459 and 641,Show MoreRelatedThe American Diet1026 Words   |  5 PagesThe state of the American Health in the U.S has become an increasing concern of many Americans. An article entitled â€Å"11 Facts about American Eating Habits,† addresses the state of food in the U.S by stating, â€Å"Healthiness of the food we eat decreases by 1.7 percent for every hour that passes in the day.† Experts and scientists in the U.S has raised questions about regarding the different ways food is now being produced. While individuals are usually not aware of the ingredients that food containsRead MoreThe American Diet973 Words   |  4 Pagesconsensus remains constant; americans have an unfulfilling diet overall. In other countries the have their diet scheduled for three structured meals for each day, whereas americans eat whenever their minds tell them that they are hungry. The problem with the american way is when americans eat, they eat food that is filling to the brain but not to the stomach. Americans are always on the run, therefore there is not sufficient time to prepare a structured meals; instead americans rely on fast food. ThisRead MoreAmerican Diet845 Words   |  4 PagesAverage American Diet America today is in the middle of a nutritional crisis. Throughout the country, the obesity epidemic has struck every population demographic. According to recent projections made by the United States Government, 63.9 percent of Americans are either overweight or obese. That is over half of the population! What exactly is the culprit behind this crisis? How can someone fix this issue? The answers lie in the average American Diet. The diet consumed by Americans is one ofRead MoreAmerican Diets Essay763 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout the years, many diet books, pills, and plans have been tried and, most often, failed. People still go after them, however, because of the statistics: 64% of adults and 33% of children and teens are considered overweight, and 30% of American adults are morbidly obese. Fat people are discriminated against at work, school, and in social situations. Obviously, they’ll want to do something to change that. That’s where the diets come in. Popular diet pills over the years have been controversialRead MoreEssay on The American Diet1159 Words   |  5 Pages Most Americans do not care enough to take a look at the nutritional values of the food that he or she is consuming. That is why America has the highest percentage of obesity in the world. This is a serious problem because one in every three adults is obese, and one in every six children is obese. There are many factors that go into the regular American diet, but most of those factors are not appealing nor is it healthy. Americans put way too much processed food into their daily diet. Some wouldRead MoreEvolution of the American Diet1550 Words   |  6 PagesEvolution of the American Diet The traditional American diet was simple, it was homemade, it was composed primarily of minimally refined ingredients, it was low in added sugars and fats, with the fats coming primarily from animal sources, and required effort to produce, by comparison, the contemporary American diet is much more diverse its composed a lot of â€Å"palatable† sometimes artificial materials, its commercially engineered and sold, its composed of refined ingredients, its high in addedRead MoreSugar And The American Diet895 Words   |  4 PagesSugar In American Diet The American diet is based mostly in processed food which contains enormous amount of sugar. The excessive consumption of sugar can cause diseases such as obesity, heart diseases, alzheimer, liver diseases, diabetes and others. One of the problems with the consumption of sugar is that people get sick progressively without the knowledge that it is caused by sugar. In addition, sugar is an addictive food and life without it is almost impossible. As a result, processed foodsRead MoreAnalysis Of The Diet Of American Beavers1058 Words   |  5 Pages Diet The diet of American beavers (Castor canadensis) consists of many terrestrial and aquatic plant species, but research has shown that beavers seem to prefer and thrive on a diet consisting more of aquatic vegetation. (W.J. Severud et al. 2012). Researchers from Northern Michigan University analyzed the composition of the American beaver’s diet using keratin from their claws and tagging, and found that the average beaver consumes 45.5 % terrestrial and 55.5% aquatic vegetation, with changesRead MoreMeat Is The Staple Of The American Diet1592 Words   |  7 Pagesin the American diet. According to an article published by NPR, an average American was eating 207.7 pounds of meat per year in 2010 (Barclay). After research came to light linking cholesterol and saturated fat found in meat products to heart disease, new food and health guidelines have suggested lowering the amount of meat eaten in the average diet. The new USDA food guidelines, â€Å"MyPlate,† were formed in 2010 and propose eating 5  ½ oz. of protein foods a day for a basic 2,000 calorie diet. In theirRead More Fats in the American Diet Essay4922 Words   |  20 PagesFats in the American Diet There has been a myth in our society for the last few decades about fats. Ever since the USDA created the food pyramid in the early 80’s, the feeling towards fats has been that all types are bad for one’s health and should be consumed at a minimum. However, more recent studies have shown that not all fats are detrimental, and some are necessary in maintaining healthy bodies. Certain types are helpful for reducing the risk of cancer, high cholesterol, and heart disease

Persuasive Essay Of Mice And Men - 855 Words

Of Mice and Men Persuasive Essay Death, the one thing all of humanity will eventually face, could be seen as an end or an entrance. What is your extent of a friendship? How far are you willing to go to help the person you care for? For numerous reasons, a broad amount of people think murder is immoral—especially if it was your own best friend. But sometimes we may have to go to the extreme, as long as we know it was the right thing to do from the heart because that’s how much you know you care. In this story Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck, I strongly believe that George was right to kill Lennie. We can all argue back and forth whether George killing Lennie was wrong or not. But the fact of the matter is—there was no escape, or time†¦show more content†¦George and Lennie were best friends for a long time—more like brothers. Lennie isn’t the brightest bulb in the box, so George couldn’t really get mad at him when he accidentally killed Curley’s wife, due to the soft feel of her hair—which he truly adored too much that he killed her by accident. â€Å"†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢I ain’t mad. I never been mad, an’ I ain’t now. That’s a thing I want ya to know’†(101). The two had planned a future together—a future in their own dream ranch. A ranch where no trouble they’d cross or cross them. Right before George put him out from the back of the head with the Luger, he made Lennie think of their future home—their ranch and the rabbits Lennie would tend. â€Å"’You†¦anâ €™ me. Ever’body gonna be nice to you. Ain’t gonna be no more trouble. Nobody gonna hurt nobody nor steal from ‘em’†(101). This shows you how much George cares for Lennie, no matter how big the crime is. He’d always be there to help Lennie get right back up to his feet, make him forget all his worries, and move on like nothing happened. I hereby state that I strongly believe George was the right person to kill Lennie, therefore made the right decision to, rather than to let him suffer in the hands of Curley. Alright, so maybe George and Lennie could’ve escaped. If they picked their route quickly and carefully, they could’ve gotten a tight chance of escaping. But if you think about it, CurleyShow MoreRelatedMice and Men Persuasive Essay799 Words   |  4 PagesOf Mice and Men persuasive essay Death, the one thing every person will eventually face, could be seen as an end or an entrance. What is your extent of a friendship? How far are you willing to go to help the person you care for? For many reasons, the majority of people think murder is immoral—especially if it was your own best friend. But sometimes we may have to go to the extreme, as long as we know it was the right thing to do from the heart because that’s how much you know you care. In the storyRead MoreOF MICE AND MEN ESSAY Libre2222 Words   |  9 PagesOf Mice And Men Essay Of mice and men essay State of California. essay writers salt lake city research paper writing chattanooga buy college ruled paper. Of mice and men essay Metis-sur-Mer of mice and men essay Columbus, Leicestershire, Palmdale, Bakersfield of mice and men essay san antonio write essay for me, of mice and men essay Alexandria uploading essay to common app, Chester of mice and men essay Norfolk geometry and algebra 1 formula sheet Of mice and men essay State of Rhode Island andRead MoreThe Freedom Writers And Romeo And Juliet905 Words   |  4 PagesCentury Community Charter Middle School and Animo Inglewood High School. Every year in middle school and in High School english would be on my schedule, sometimes even with two different english classes a year. We read different writing pieces, wrote essays, and learned techniques that help us develop our reading and writing skills. In middle school the writing tasks were easier and funner than high school. We read books like the Diary of Anne Frank, The Freedom Writers, and Romeo and Juliet, that IRead MoreQuaiyum:Explore how Steinbeck presents the theme of power and powerlessness in the relationships between characters in ‘Of Mice and Men’. Focus on the events in chapter 4.3049 Words   |  13 Pages2012 Quaiyum Miah Explore how Steinbeck presents the theme of power and powerlessness in the relationships between characters in ‘Of Mice and Men’. Focus on the events in chapter 4. The theme of power and powerlessness in chapter 4 of ‘Mice and Men’ is presented by Steinbeck in various ways. For example power is displayed though imagery, characterisation and dialogue. The main theme of power in Steinbeck’s novella includes seduction, physicalRead MoreHow To Write Literary Analysis4174 Words   |  17 PagesHow To Write Literary Analysis The Literary Essay: A Step-by-Step Guide When you read for pleasure, your only goal is enjoyment. You might find yourself reading to get caught up in an exciting story, to learn about an interesting time or place, or just to pass time. Maybe you’re looking for inspiration, guidance, or a reflection of your own life. There are as many different, valid ways of reading a book as there are books in the world. When you read a work of literature in an English classRead MorePopular Culture and Violent Behavior Essay11795 Words   |  48 Pagesoverlooked until gangster rap flooded onto the scene with groups such as Niggaz with Attitude (N.W.A.). The forming of hatred, culminating in murder and gratuitous violence can be blamed on popular culture , namely, popular rap music. The persuasive lyrics and violent imagery; killing policeman, raping women and murdering girlfriends get into the minds of the listeners causing abhorrence between people from different gangs and races in America. The iconic figures that are merelyRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pagesprobable good consequences of each action and the probable bad consequences while weighing the positive and negative impact of each consequence. It’s a kind of cost-benefit analysis. Exercises 1. Columbus Day is an American holiday. Write a short essay that weighs the pros and cons and then comes to a decision about whether there should be more or less public celebration (by Americans and their institutions) on Columbus Day, October 12. Here is some relevant background information to reduce yourRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesModel 23 An Overview 23 †¢ Inputs 24 †¢ Processes 25 †¢ Outcomes 25 Summary and Implications for Managers 30 S A L Self-Assessment Library How Much Do I Know About Organizational Behavior? 4 Myth or Science? â€Å"Most Acts of Workplace Bullying Are Men Attacking Women† 12 An Ethical Choice Can You Learn from Failure? 24 glOBalization! Does National Culture Affect Organizational Practices? 30 Point/Counterpoint Lost in Translation? 31 Questions for Review 32 Experiential Exercise Workforce DiversityRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagespresence in our everyday lives. Partly because of this, the famous British economist John Maynard Keynes (1936) warned us that: . . . the ideas of economists and political philosophers . . . are more powerful than is commonly understood. . . . Practical men [sic],who believe themselves quite . 6 Chapter 1 Introducing organization theory: what is it, and why does it matter? exempt from any intellectual influences, are usually the slaves of some defunct economist. Madmen in authority, who hear

The Science Of Social Psychology - 1329 Words

â€Å"If you put good apples into a bad situation, you’ll get bad apples†, said Philip G. Zimbardo, a prominent researcher of the field of social psychology. What is social psychology, you might ask? In short, it represents and defines an individual’s actions when the said individual is placed in a social situation. It also defines how you choose to act, often subconsciously, in the face of others. The science of social psychology is a youthful one, it’s existence barely a century old. However, it is with it’s existence that we are able to decipher topics such as conformity, independence, and identity on a logical basis. We use it, to a degree, to study how every group has an impact on a singular entity, as well as how those impacts end up†¦show more content†¦His theories were tested in his famous line test experiments, where a participant, placed last in a row of other â€Å"participants† (actors) were to choose the correct corresp onding line for a set of lines. However, all the actors were instructed to answer incorrectly, leading the participants to conform, on average, â€Å"about one third (32%)†(Asch 1-70) of the time in the complete trials. In addition, the varying cases monitored had shown that â€Å"75% of the participants had conformed at least once† (McLeod) during the duration of their tests. The majority of the subjects felt that their judgement was clouded, or, more surprisingly, knew that the group was incorrect yet went with the flow to avoid conflict. The real world impacts of this trial are massive: By placing individuals in groups, there bears the risk of conformity overtaking the free will of the group through the want of the individual to fit in, known as normative influence, or the clouding of their judgement through believing that the group has the better answer, known as informational influence. This can have massive repercussions in group centric fields such as politics, or affect the opinions of the members of a group during discussions. In addition, the urge to â€Å"fit in†, often experienced by many teenagers, is attributed to the same effect. Conformity is a powerful force, capable of weakening the strongest